课程简介 一、课程定位 本课程是土建类专业学生的专业核心课程。本课程的目的是使学生掌握建筑虚拟仿真技术的基本理论和BIM三维模型创建及应用的基本方法，熟悉各种具体的模型生成技术、方法在工程项目上的应用特点，为学生建立建筑虚拟仿真技术所需的知识、技术和方法体系，培养学生发现、分析、研究、解决工程项目管理实际问题的基本能力。具体使学生具备以下能力与知识： 1. 掌握建筑虚拟仿真技术的概念、价值和应用点等。 2. 具备创建虚拟仿真“建筑模型”的能力，包括标高、轴网、墙体、门窗创建等。 3. 具备创建虚拟仿真“机电模型”的能力，包括给排水管道、消防管道、通风空调管道创建等。 4. 具备各专业模型的整合和应用能力。包括建筑、机电模型整合，对整合后的模型进行工程量计算、施工图出图、协同设计等。 5. 具有建筑虚拟仿真模型的5D施工管理能力。在静态的模型上加上时间维度和造价维度，基于建筑虚拟仿真技术进行进度管理、造价管理、质量管理等。 二、内容选取 共五个模块，分别为：模块一，认识建筑虚拟仿真技术；模块二，创建虚拟仿真建筑模型；模块三，创建虚拟仿真机电模型；模块四，各专业模型的整合与应用；模块五，建筑虚拟仿真模型的5D施工管理。具体见表1。 表1 内容选取 序号 项目 能力 内容 1 认识建筑虚拟仿真技术 掌握BIM技术的内涵 任务1：BIM技术；任务2：BIM技术的价值；任务3：BIM技术的应用 2 创建虚拟仿真建筑模型 能够创建建筑、结构专业模型 任务1：用户界面定义及基本设置；任务2：轴网标高及参照平面；任务3：墙与幕墙；任务4：楼板；任务5：建筑柱、结构柱；任务6：门窗和洞口 3 创建虚拟仿真机电模型 能够创建机电专业模型 任务1：建筑水施工图识读；任务2：水管道绘制；任务3：水系统三通形成；任务4：水系统四通形成；任务5：水系统设备添加及连接；任务6：暖通施工图识读；任务7：暖通管道绘制 4 各专业模型的整合与应用 能够进行模型整合并进行施工模拟 任务1：房间和颜色填充；任务2：材质设置、渲染与漫游；任务3：日照分析；任务4：工程量计算；任务5：视图处理与施工图出图；任务6：以DWG文件为底图建模；任务7.“链接”与“工作集”的协同设计；任务8：其他格式的导入与导出 5 建筑虚拟仿真模型的5D施工管理 能够在静态的模型上加上时间维度和造价维度，进行BIM5D工程管理 任务1：标书制作；任务2：人事资料管理；任务3：设备资料管理；任务4：劳动力计划表编制；任务5：材料计划表编制；任务6：施工进度管理 三、内容组织 首先，通过“认识建筑虚拟仿真技术”模块，让学生掌握虚拟仿真技术的概念、价值和相关应用； 其次，通过“创建虚拟仿真建筑模型”模块，让学生从最简单的标高、轴网入手，学会“建筑模型”BIM模型的创建； 再次，通过“创建虚拟仿真机电模型”模块，让学生学会水电暖及机电系统BIM模型的创建； 然后，再通过“各专业模型的整合与应用”模块，让学生学会对各专业进行整合的方式方法，并掌握虚拟仿真模型的应用，如施工模拟、渲染漫游、进度模拟等； 最后，通过“建筑虚拟仿真模型的5D施工管理”模块，让学生掌握在静态BIM模型中加入时间维度和造价维度形成5D模型的方式方法，并基于5D BIM模型进行进度管理、造价管理、质量管理、三维现场管理等。 各授课内容的负责人和所在单位见表2。 表2 授课人及所在单位 序号 项目 授课人 授课人所在单位 1 认识建筑虚拟仿真技术 宋强、刘天宇 青岛酒店管理职业技术学院、中建八局第四建设有限公司 2 创建虚拟仿真建筑模型 宋强 青岛酒店管理职业技术学院 3 创建虚拟仿真机电模型 黄巍林、赵炜 青岛酒店管理职业技术学院 4 各专业模型的整合与应用 宋强 青岛酒店管理职业技术学院 5 建筑虚拟仿真模型的5D施工管理 崔宪丽 青岛酒店管理职业技术学院 四、教学模式 1．教学原则 从信息加工理论出发，注重认知的调节，利用学习策略对学习任务进行加工，最后生成学习结果。在教学过程中，要时常提醒学生进行反思自己的学习行为。考虑各种步骤的组成要素，根据不同情况有所侧重。 2. 整体的教学模式 （1）课前：下发导学单，观看导学视频，建立知识体系。 （2）课中：下发派工单（工作任务书）；教师实操；学生实操，期间教师对学生实操的过程进行观察，记录学生完成的顺序、评定学生的实操结果；思想提升，学习课本中的“思想提升”内容，强化学生程伦理教育，培养学生精益求精的大国工匠精神，激发学生科技报国的家国情怀和使命担当；课堂检测与成果提交。 （3）课后：教师批阅学生的课后作业，学生观看平台中的“技能提升”授课视频，提升对BIM理论的认识高度，提升综合素养。 （4）结课考试：在平台上进行组卷考试。 （5）拓展资源：学生观看平台中的“拓展视频”“项目案例”“动画资源”等，拓展技能水平与技术知识。 3.具体的授课过程教学程序 对巴特勒“七段”教学模式进行改造，形成以下六段式教学模式： 基本教学程序是：设置情境、激发动机──应用新知──学生演练——检测评价──巩固练习──拓展与迁移。以虚拟施工教学点为例，首先通过视频设置实际施工情景，让学生看到施工的实际场景，通过授课内容描述激发学生学习的动机；再次，教师在电脑上演示如何进行虚拟施工；然后，学生进行课堂练习；分别拿出成绩优秀和成绩一般的教学案例进行评价；学生进行巩固练习；最后进行理论拓展与迁移。 五、教材与参考资料等内容 1. 教学用书 《Revit建筑结构模型创建与应用协同》，ISBN：978-7-04-055737-4，宋强，高等教育出版社，2021年8月，首批“十四五”职业教育国家规划教材。 2. 参考用书 （1）《REVIT住宅建筑施工图设计》，ISBN：9787508484877，黄亚斌、谢毅主编，水利水电出版社。 （2）《Autodesk Navisworks应用宝典》，ISBN：9787112177561，刘庆主编，中国建筑工业出版社。 （3）《BIM机电工程模型创建与设计》，ISBN：9787560596778，韩风毅、薛菁、金永超主编，西安交通大学出版社。 Course Introduction 1.Course orientation This course is the core professional course for students majoring in civil engineering. The purpose of this course is to enable students to master the basic theory of building virtual simulation technology and the basic methods of creating and applying BIM 3D models, familiarize themselves with various specific model generation technologies and methods in engineering projects, establish the knowledge, technology, and method system required for building virtual simulation technology, and cultivate students' basic abilities to discover, analyze, research, and solve practical problems in engineering project management. Specifically, to equip students with the following abilities and knowledge: （1）Master the concept, value, and application points of architectural virtual simulation technology. （2）Possess the ability to create virtual simulation “building models”, including elevation, grid, wall, door and window creation, etc. （3）Possess the ability to create virtual simulation “electromechanical models”, including the creation of water supply and drainage pipelines, fire protection pipelines, ventilation and air conditioning pipelines, etc. （4）Possess the ability to integrate and apply various professional models. This includes the integration of architectural and electromechanical models, as well as the calculation of engineering quantities, production of construction drawings, and collaborative design of the integrated models. （5）Possess 5D construction management capabilities for building virtual simulation models. Add time and cost dimensions to the static model, and use building virtual simulation technology for progress management, cost management, quality management, etc. 2.Contents Selection There are five modules in total, namely: Module 1, Understanding Building Virtual Simulation Technology; Module 2, creating a virtual simulation building model; Module three, creating a virtual simulation electromechanical model; Module 4: Integration and application of various professional models; Module 5, 5D construction management of building virtual simulation models. Please refer to Table 1 for details. Table 1 Content Selection Serial Number Project Capacity Content 1 Understanding building virtual simulation technology Mastering the connotation of BIM technology Task 1: BIM technology; Task 2: The value of BIM technology; Task 3: Application of BIM technology 2 Create a virtual simulation building model Ability to create professional models for architecture and structure Task 1: User interface definition and basic settings; Task 2: Grid elevation and reference plane; Task 3: Walls and curtain walls; Task 4: Floor slabs; Task 5: Architectural columns and structural columns; Task 6: Doors, windows, and openings 3 Create a virtual simulation electromechanical model Ability to create mechanical and electrical professional models Task 1: Reading construction drawings for building water; Task 2: Draw water pipes; Task 3: Formation of water system tees; Task 4: Formation of water system four-way connections; Task 5: Adding and connecting water system equipment; Task 6: Reading HVAC construction drawings; Task 7: HVAC pipeline drawing 4 Integration and application of various professional models Ability to integrate models and conduct construction simulations Task 1: Room and color filling; Task 2: Material settings, rendering, and roaming; Task 3: Sunlight analysis; Task 4: Calculation of engineering quantity; Task 5: View processing and construction drawing production; Task 6: Modeling with a DWG file as the base map; Task 7. Collaborative design of "links" and "worksets"; Task 8: Import and export of other formats 5 5D Construction management of building virtual simulation model Ability to add time and cost dimensions to static models for BIM5D project management Task 1: Bid preparation; Task 2: Personnel data management; Task 3: Equipment data management; Task 4: Preparation of labor force schedule; Task 5: Preparation of material schedule; Task 6: Construction Progress Management 3.Content Organization Firstly, through the “Understanding Building Virtual Simulation Technology”module, students can master the concept, value, and related applications of virtual simulation technology; Secondly, through the “Create Virtual Simulation Building Model”module, students can start with the simplest elevation and grid, and learn how to create a “building model”BIM model; Once again, through the “Creating Virtual Simulation Electromechanical Models” module, students will learn how to create BIM models for water, electricity, heating, and electromechanical systems; Then, through the “Integration and Application of Various Professional Models” module, students will learn how to integrate various majors and master the application of virtual simulation models, such as construction simulation, rendering roaming, progress simulation, etc; Finally, through the “5D Construction Management of Building Virtual Simulation Model” module, students will master the methods of adding time and cost dimensions to static BIM models to form 5D models. Based on the 5D BIM model, they will carry out progress management, cost management, quality management, 3D on-site management, etc. The responsible persons and units of each teaching content are shown in Table 2. Table 2 Lecturers and Units Serial Number Project Lecturer Unit of the instructor 1 Understandingbuilding virtual simulation technology Song Qiang、Liu Tianyu Qingdao Vocational and Technical College of Hotel Management 、China Construction Eighth Engineering Bureau Fourth Construction Co., Ltd 2 Create a virtual simulation building model Song Qiang Qingdao Vocational and Technical College of Hotel Management 3 Create a virtual simulation electromechanical model Huang Weilin、Zhao Wei Qingdao Vocational and Technical College of Hotel Management 4 Integration and application of various professional models Song Qiang Qingdao Vocational and Technical College of Hotel Management 5 5D Construction management of building virtual simulation model Cui Xianli Qingdao Vocational and Technical College of Hotel Management 4.Teaching Model (1)Teaching principles Starting from the theory of information processing, emphasizing cognitive regulation, utilizing learning strategies to process learning tasks, and ultimately generating learning outcomes. During the teaching process, it is important to constantly remind students to reflect on their learning behavior. Consider the constituent elements of various steps and focus on them according to different situations. (2)Overall teaching mode 1）Before class: distribute guidance sheets, watch guidance videos, and establish a knowledge system. 2）In class: Issue work orders (work task books); Teacher practical operation; During student practice, the teacher observes the process of student practice, records the order of student completion, and evaluates the results of student practice; Ideological enhancement, studying the content of “ideological enhancement” in textbooks, strengthening ethical education for students, cultivating the spirit of striving for excellence as a great craftsman, and inspiring students' patriotism and mission to serve the country through science and technology; Classroom testing and result submission. 3）After class: Teachers review students' homework, students watch the Skill“ Enhancement” teaching video on the platform, enhance their understanding of BIM theory, and enhance their comprehensive literacy. 4）End of class exam: Conduct a test paper on the platform. 5）Expanding resources: Students can watch “expanding videos”, “project cases”, and “animation resources”on the platform to expand their skills and technical knowledge. (3)Specific teaching process and teaching procedures Transforming Butler's “seven stage”teaching mode to form the following six stage teaching mode: The basic teaching procedure is: setting up situations, stimulating motivation, applying new knowledge, student exercises, testing and evaluating, consolidating exercises, expanding and transferring. Taking virtual construction teaching points as an example, first set up actual construction scenarios through videos, allowing students to see the actual construction scene, and stimulate their learning motivation through the description of teaching content; Once again, the teacher demonstrates on the computer how to perform virtual construction; Then, students engage in classroom exercises; Take out teaching cases with excellent and average grades respectively for evaluation; Students engage in consolidation exercises; Finally, expand and transfer the theory. 5.Textbooks and reference materials, etc (1)Teaching materials "Collaborative Creation and Application of Revit Building Structural Models", ISBN: 978-7-04-055737-4, Song Qiang, Higher Education Press, August 2021, first batch of national planning textbooks for vocational education during the 14th Five Year Plan period. (2)Reference Books 1）《Revit Residential Building Construction Drawing Design》, ISBN: 9787508484877, edited by Huang Yabin and Xie Yi, published by Water Resources and Hydropower Press. 2）《Autodesk Navisworks App Encyclopedia》, ISBN: 9787112177561, edited by Liu Qing, published by China Construction Industry Press. 3）《BIM Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Model Creation and Design》, ISBN: 9787560596778, edited by Han Fengyi, Xue Jing, and Jin Yongchao, published by Xi'an Jiaotong University Press.